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| section        = Center
| section        = Center
| built          = 1914
| built          = 1914
| opened        = 1914
| opened        = 1922
| closed        = 1937 (park closure)
| closed        = 1937 (park closure)
| manufacturer  = [[Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC)]]<br />[[William F. Mangels]]<br />[[Marcus C. Illions & Sons]] (Horse carvings)
| manufacturer  = [[Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC)]]<br />[[William F. Mangels]]<br />[[Marcus C. Illions & Sons]] (Horse carvings)
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}}


The '''Grand Carousel''', was one of a few "merry-go-rounds" at Olentangy Park. Built in 1914, the horses and decorations were carved by [[Marcus C. Illions & Sons|Marcus C. Illions and Sons]],<ref>"Amusement Ride Company List." ''Ohio Department of Agriculture.'' Database. Last updated 2025. Accessed July 3, 2025. https://agri.ohio.gov/divisions/amusement-ride-safety-and-fairs/resources/amusement-ride-company-search</ref> in collaboration with [[William F. Mangels]] and the [[Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC)]].<ref>Fried, Frederick. ''A Pictorial History of the Carousel,''</ref> It was moved to another part of the park in 1922.<ref>"Park Opens Today." ''The Columbus Sunday Dispatch.'' April 16, 1922. Page 68.</ref><ref>"New Restaurant Open." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' June 4, 1922. Page 72.</ref><ref>''General Map, The Olentangy Amusement Co., Columbus, Ohio,'' 1924.</ref> When the park closed in 1937, there were two carousels.<ref>Franklin Survey Co. 1937. Map. ''City of Columbus, Franklin Co., Ohio,'' Vol. 1. Accessed through Ebay.com https://www.ebay.com/itm/235251834706</ref> At least one of these was moved to the Haenlein Brothers' new Zoo Amusement Park across from the Columbus Zoo,<ref name="historian">Barret, Richard E. 1984. "Olentangy Park: Four Decades of Fun." ''Columbus and Central Ohio Historian No. 1,'' April 1984. Page 17.</ref><ref>"Zoo Amusement Park Has Established Its Popularity." ''Columbus Dispatch.'' June 2, 1929. Page 14-A.</ref><ref name="Stout">Stout, Ned. 1975. "Zoo Park Season Starts with Look to Past." ''Columbus Dispatch.'' April 23, 1975. Page C-1.</ref><ref>"Marysville Family Picnics Arranged for Columbus Zoo." ''Marysville Journal-Tribune (Marysville, Ohio).'' August 16, 1939. Pages 1-2. Accessed through Newspapers.com [https://www.newspapers.com/article/marysville-journal-tribune-marysville-fa/161188120/ Clip 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/marysville-journal-tribune-marysville-fa/161188060/ Clip 2]</ref> on the site of the future Zoombezi Bay.<ref>Hoholik, Suzanne. "Park rechristened Zoombezi Bay - Former Wyandot Lake to reopen in May." ''The Columbus Dispatch.'' July 12, 2007. Page 3-B.</ref>This park was bought by the Gooding Amusement Company in 1956 after Leo Haenlein's death.<ref>"Gooding Buys Amusement Park at Zoo." ''Columbus Dispatch.'' April 9, 1956. Page 3A.</ref> It became Wyandot Lake in 1984.<ref>Franklin, Peter D. 1983. "Ground broken for park next to Columbus Zoo." ''The Columbus Dispatch.'' November 10, 1983. Page C6.</ref> After the ride was restored in 2000, it was installed and is currently operating at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium.<ref>''Carousel News and Trader,'' June 2010. http://esq.h-cdn.co/assets/cm/15/06/54d453969ae59_-_Carousel_News_and_Trader_BW_Borrelli_JUNE_2010.pdf</ref><ref name="Gallick">Gallick, Thomas. 2014. "Zoo's carousel has been circling for 100 years," ''The Columbus Dispatch - ThisWeek Community News,'' August 6, 2014. Last modified August 7, 2014. Accessed on July 22, 2022. https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/local/olentangy-valley/2014/08/06/zoo-s-carousel-has-been/23088244007/</ref>
The '''Grand Carousel''', was one of several "merry-go-rounds" at Olentangy Park. Built in 1914, it was moved to Olentangy Park in 1922.<ref name="atolentangy">"At Olentangy." ''The Columbus Dispatch.'' April 17, 1922. Page 24.</ref><ref name="newsg">[https://archive.org/details/newsgazette1920000news/page/n869/ "Olentangy Park."] ''The News Gazette (Reynoldsburg, Ohio).'' July 6, 1922. Vol. 15. No. 27. Page 2.</ref><ref name="sanborn1922">''[https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06656_008/ Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio.]'' Sanborn Map Company. - 1922 Vol. 3, 1922, 1922. Map.</ref> The ride was first an attraction at Kister's Hotel on Surf Avenue at New York's Coney Island.<ref>"[https://carouselhistory.com/columbus-zoo-carousel-gallery/ OH – Columbus Zoo Carousel – 1914 Mangels-Illions]." ''CarouselHistory.com.'' Aug. 12, 1915.</ref> The horses and decorations were carved by [[Marcus C. Illions & Sons|Marcus C. Illions and Sons]],<ref>[https://agri.ohio.gov/divisions/amusement-ride-safety-and-fairs/resources/amusement-ride-company-search "Amusement Ride Company List."] ''Ohio Department of Agriculture.'' Database. Last updated 2025. Accessed July 3, 2025.</ref><ref name="splash">{{Cite news |lastname = Bartlett|firstname = Margo|articletitle = Making a Splash|pub = The Delaware Gazette (Delaware, Ohio)|date = July 6, 1998|page = 17|accessedthrough = Newspapers.com|url = [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-delaware-gazette-making-a-splash-pa/176659750/ Clip 1] [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-delaware-gazette-making-a-splash-pa/176659833/ Clip 2] }}</ref> in collaboration with [[William F. Mangels]]<ref name="marker">"[https://remarkableohio.org/marker/4-21-grand-carousel/ 4-21 Grand Carousel]." ''Remarkable Ohio.'' Part of the Ohio History Connection. Retrieved Dec. 9, 2025.</ref> and the [[Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC)]].<ref>Fried, Frederick. ''A Pictorial History of the Carousel.''</ref> When the park closed in 1937, there were two carousels.<ref>''[https://www.ebay.com/itm/235251834706 City of Columbus, Franklin Co., Ohio.]'' Franklin Survey Co. 1937. Vol. 1. Map. Accessed through Ebay.com.</ref> This ride was moved to the Haenlein Brothers' new Zoo Amusement Park across from the Columbus Zoo,<ref name="historian">Barrett, Richard E. 1984. "Olentangy Park: Four Decades of Fun." ''Columbus and Central Ohio Historian No. 1.'' April 1984. Page 17.</ref><ref>"Zoo Amusement Park Has Established Its Popularity." ''Columbus Dispatch.'' June 2, 1929. Page 14-A.</ref><ref name="Stout">Stout, Ned. 1975. "Zoo Park Season Starts with Look to Past." ''Columbus Dispatch.'' April 23, 1975. Page C-1.</ref><ref>"Marysville Family Picnics Arranged for Columbus Zoo." ''Marysville Journal-Tribune (Marysville, Ohio).'' August 16, 1939. Pages 1-2. Accessed through Newspapers.com [https://www.newspapers.com/article/marysville-journal-tribune-marysville-fa/161188120/ Clip 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/marysville-journal-tribune-marysville-fa/161188060/ Clip 2]</ref> on the site of the future Zoombezi Bay.<ref>Hoholik, Suzanne. "Park rechristened Zoombezi Bay - Former Wyandot Lake to reopen in May." ''The Columbus Dispatch.'' July 12, 2007. Page 3-B.</ref> This park was bought by the Gooding Amusement Company in 1956 after Leo Haenlein's death.<ref>"Gooding Buys Amusement Park at Zoo." ''Columbus Dispatch.'' April 9, 1956. Page 3A.</ref> It became Wyandot Lake in 1984.<ref>Franklin, Peter D. "Ground broken for park next to Columbus Zoo." ''The Columbus Dispatch.'' Nov. 10, 1983. Page C6.</ref> After the ride was restored in 2000, it was installed and is currently operating at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium.<ref>''Carousel News and Trader.'' June 2010. [http://esq.h-cdn.co/assets/cm/15/06/54d453969ae59_-_Carousel_News_and_Trader_BW_Borrelli_JUNE_2010.pdf PDF]</ref><ref name="Gallick">Gallick, Thomas. 2014. [https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/local/olentangy-valley/2014/08/06/zoo-s-carousel-has-been/23088244007/ "Zoo's carousel has been circling for 100 years."] ''The Columbus Dispatch - ThisWeek Community News.'' Aug. 6, 2014. Last modified Aug. 7, 2014. Accessed on July 22, 2022.</ref><ref name="marker" />


==Description==
==Description==
The Coney Island carousel had 54 horses and two chariots. The carved wooden horses are in sets of three that move up and down and side to side. Mirrors topped its center pole, and elaborately carved shields were on the canopy. The shields were replaced by plastic by 1975, but it still played music from its organ.<ref name="Stout" />
The Coney Island carousel had 52<ref name="splash" /><ref name="marker" /> to 54 horses and two chariots. The carved wooden horses are in sets of three that move up and down and side to side. Mirrors topped its center pole, and elaborately carved shields were on the canopy. Many articles say it was the building that was new, but also that it housed "one of the largest and most complete amusements of this character [carousels] in the country."<ref>"Park is Open Today." ''The Columbus Dispatch.'' April 23, 1922. Page 7.</ref> The shields were replaced with plastic by 1975, but the organ still played music.<ref name="Stout" />


==Notes==
==Notes==
Ohio history plaques at the site and articles at the time of the carousel's restoration say the ride was built in 1914.<ref name="Gallick" /> However, Mangels worked with Illions to create Coney Island-style carousels early in the century, before M. C. Illions and Sons incorporated in 1909, putting the ride's creation much earlier. Donald L. Mains, Zoo Park president in 1975, believed the carousel was built sometime around 1900.<ref name="Stout" /> The National Carousel Association census also lists the carousel as being built in 1914, but the dates listed for Olentangy Park are inaccurate by nine years.<ref>"Grand Carousel, Columbus Zoo, Powell, OH." ''National Carousel Association.'' Census Query. Last modified 2016. Accessed on June 1, 2024. https://carousels.org/USACensus/census.pl.</ref>
Ohio history plaques at the site and articles from the time of the carousel's restoration indicate that the ride was built in 1914.<ref name="Gallick" /><ref name="splash" /><ref name="marker" /> However, Mangels worked with Illions to create Coney Island-style carousels early in the century, before M. C. Illions and Sons incorporated in 1909, putting the ride's creation much earlier. Donald L. Mains, Zoo Park president in 1975, believed the carousel was built sometime around 1900.<ref name="Stout" /> The National Carousel Association census also lists the carousel as being built in 1914, but the dates listed for Olentangy Park are inaccurate by nine years.<ref>[https://carousels.org/USACensus/census.pl. "Grand Carousel, Columbus Zoo, Powell, OH."] ''National Carousel Association.'' Census Query. Last modified 2016. Accessed on June 1, 2024.</ref>


Other carousels at the park had fanciful creatures, with a notable exception in 1930 when a new carousel called "[[Merry-Go-Round De Luxe]]" opened with most, if not all, horses.<ref>"Bottle, At Least, To Be Broken On Head Of Good Bucephalus, Lead Horse Of Olentangy Carrousel." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' April 17, 1930. Page 20.</ref> It had the same number of horses, and using all horses was a "new" idea at the time.<ref>"Psychology Enters Even Into Carrousel Game." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' April 23, 1930. Page 16.</ref>
Other carousels at the park had fanciful creatures, with a notable exception in 1930 when a new carousel called "[[Merry-Go-Round De Luxe]]" opened with most, if not all, horses.<ref>"Bottle, At Least, To Be Broken On Head Of Good Bucephalus, Lead Horse Of Olentangy Carrousel." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' April 17, 1930. Page 20.</ref> It had the same number of horses, and using all horses was a "new" idea at the time.<ref>"Psychology Enters Even Into Carrousel Game." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' April 23, 1930. Page 16.</ref>


== Related Patents ==
== Related Patents ==
* Power mechanism for carousels. (October 26, 1909) U.S. Patent No. 937,750 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YOAfKlpBy06t4I4PXXBmWaJxIWGmsx4J/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Auchy, H. B. 1909. "Power mechanism for carousels." U.S. Patent No. 937,750. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YOAfKlpBy06t4I4PXXBmWaJxIWGmsx4J/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>
* Power mechanism for carousels. (Oct. 26, 1909) U.S. Patent No. 937,750 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YOAfKlpBy06t4I4PXXBmWaJxIWGmsx4J/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Auchy, H. B. 1909. "Power mechanism for carousels." U.S. Patent No. 937,750. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YOAfKlpBy06t4I4PXXBmWaJxIWGmsx4J/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>
* Carousel bearing mechanism. (April 4, 1911) U.S. Patent No. 988,536 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YQ52gGU0QiRS2P-RzHTikQtEoTxTjFKz/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Auchy, H. B. 1911. "Carousel bearing mechanism." U.S. Patent No. 988,536. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YQ52gGU0QiRS2P-RzHTikQtEoTxTjFKz/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>
* Carousel bearing mechanism. (April 4, 1911) U.S. Patent No. 988,536 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YQ52gGU0QiRS2P-RzHTikQtEoTxTjFKz/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Auchy, H. B. 1911. "Carousel bearing mechanism." U.S. Patent No. 988,536. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YQ52gGU0QiRS2P-RzHTikQtEoTxTjFKz/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>
* Carousel. (January 11, 1916) U.S. Patent No. 1,168,089 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YH2gGNAVZrX1EGl445xkiJeqDRdRBcLr/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Mangels, W. F. 1916. "Carousel." U.S. Patent No. 1,168,089. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YH2gGNAVZrX1EGl445xkiJeqDRdRBcLr/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>
* Carousel. (Jan. 11, 1916) U.S. Patent No. 1,168,089 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YH2gGNAVZrX1EGl445xkiJeqDRdRBcLr/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Mangels, W. F. 1916. "Carousel." U.S. Patent No. 1,168,089. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YH2gGNAVZrX1EGl445xkiJeqDRdRBcLr/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>
* Carousel. (February 8, 1916) U.S. Patent No. 1,171,220 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y7ywCiNfRkzU3cukhQ6heoSzoixYWoeK/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Mangels, W. F. 1916. "Carousel." U.S. Patent No. 1,171,220. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y7ywCiNfRkzU3cukhQ6heoSzoixYWoeK/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>
* Carousel. (Feb. 8, 1916) U.S. Patent No. 1,171,220 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y7ywCiNfRkzU3cukhQ6heoSzoixYWoeK/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Mangels, W. F. 1916. "Carousel." U.S. Patent No. 1,171,220. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y7ywCiNfRkzU3cukhQ6heoSzoixYWoeK/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>
* Figure. (May 27, 1924) U.S. Patent No. 1,495,917 [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y7BLW9tWDvel7no4w3Mn-YRdvLGhYn0D/view?usp=sharing PDF]<ref>Mangels, W. F. 1924. "Figure." U.S. Patent No. 1,495,917. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y7BLW9tWDvel7no4w3Mn-YRdvLGhYn0D/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref>


== See Also ==
== See Also ==
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[[Category:Rides]]
[[Category:Rides]]
[[Category:Rotating Rides]]
[[Category:Rotating Rides]]
[[Category:Added in 1914]]
[[Category:Added in 1922]]
[[Category:Closed in 1937]]
[[Category:Closed in 1937]]
[[Category:Rides by William F. Mangels]]
[[Category:Rides by William F. Mangels]]
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[[Category:Moved to Zoo Amusement Park]]
[[Category:Moved to Zoo Amusement Park]]


{{#seo:|description=The Grand Carousel, was one of a few merry-go-rounds at Olentangy Park. Built in 1914, this Coney Island carousel had 54 horses and two chariots.}}
{{#seo:
{{#seo:|keywords=Grand Carousel, Carousel, Carrousel, Caroussel, Carousell, Merry-Go-Round, Olentangy Park, Olentangy Amusement Park, Olentangy Park Columbus, Columbus amusement park, amusement park, Clintonville, defunct amusement park}}
|description = The Grand Carousel opened in 1922 at Olentangy Park. The Coney Island-style carousel, with 54 horses and two chariots, is now installed at the Columbus Zoo.
|keywords   = Grand Carousel, Carousel, Carrousel, Caroussel, Carousell, Merry-Go-Round, Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters, PTC, William F. Mangels, Marcus C. Illions & Sons, Kister's Hotel, Kister's Restaurant, Kister's Theatre, Kister's Theater, Kister, Surf Avenue, Coney Island, Columbus Zoo, Olentangy Park, Olentangy Amusement Park, Columbus, Clintonville
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Latest revision as of 07:07, 28 January 2026

Carousel
Other Name(s) Grand Carousel
Caroussel
Carrousel
Merry-Go-Round
Type Rotating Ride
Park Section Center
Built 1914
Opened 1922
Closed 1937 (park closure)
Manufacturer Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC)
William F. Mangels
Marcus C. Illions & Sons (Horse carvings)
Architect Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC)
Materials Wood
Vehicle Type Horses and Chariots
Number of Vehicles 54 horses, 2 chariots
Riders per Vehicle 1

The Grand Carousel, was one of several "merry-go-rounds" at Olentangy Park. Built in 1914, it was moved to Olentangy Park in 1922.[1][2][3] The ride was first an attraction at Kister's Hotel on Surf Avenue at New York's Coney Island.[4] The horses and decorations were carved by Marcus C. Illions and Sons,[5][6] in collaboration with William F. Mangels[7] and the Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC).[8] When the park closed in 1937, there were two carousels.[9] This ride was moved to the Haenlein Brothers' new Zoo Amusement Park across from the Columbus Zoo,[10][11][12][13] on the site of the future Zoombezi Bay.[14] This park was bought by the Gooding Amusement Company in 1956 after Leo Haenlein's death.[15] It became Wyandot Lake in 1984.[16] After the ride was restored in 2000, it was installed and is currently operating at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium.[17][18][7]

Description

The Coney Island carousel had 52[6][7] to 54 horses and two chariots. The carved wooden horses are in sets of three that move up and down and side to side. Mirrors topped its center pole, and elaborately carved shields were on the canopy. Many articles say it was the building that was new, but also that it housed "one of the largest and most complete amusements of this character [carousels] in the country."[19] The shields were replaced with plastic by 1975, but the organ still played music.[12]

Notes

Ohio history plaques at the site and articles from the time of the carousel's restoration indicate that the ride was built in 1914.[18][6][7] However, Mangels worked with Illions to create Coney Island-style carousels early in the century, before M. C. Illions and Sons incorporated in 1909, putting the ride's creation much earlier. Donald L. Mains, Zoo Park president in 1975, believed the carousel was built sometime around 1900.[12] The National Carousel Association census also lists the carousel as being built in 1914, but the dates listed for Olentangy Park are inaccurate by nine years.[20]

Other carousels at the park had fanciful creatures, with a notable exception in 1930 when a new carousel called "Merry-Go-Round De Luxe" opened with most, if not all, horses.[21] It had the same number of horses, and using all horses was a "new" idea at the time.[22]

  • Power mechanism for carousels. (Oct. 26, 1909) U.S. Patent No. 937,750 PDF[23]
  • Carousel bearing mechanism. (April 4, 1911) U.S. Patent No. 988,536 PDF[24]
  • Carousel. (Jan. 11, 1916) U.S. Patent No. 1,168,089 PDF[25]
  • Carousel. (Feb. 8, 1916) U.S. Patent No. 1,171,220 PDF[26]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ "At Olentangy." The Columbus Dispatch. April 17, 1922. Page 24.
  2. ↑ "Olentangy Park." The News Gazette (Reynoldsburg, Ohio). July 6, 1922. Vol. 15. No. 27. Page 2.
  3. ↑ Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio. Sanborn Map Company. - 1922 Vol. 3, 1922, 1922. Map.
  4. ↑ "OH – Columbus Zoo Carousel – 1914 Mangels-Illions." CarouselHistory.com. Aug. 12, 1915.
  5. ↑ "Amusement Ride Company List." Ohio Department of Agriculture. Database. Last updated 2025. Accessed July 3, 2025.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Bartlett, Margo. "Making a Splash." The Delaware Gazette (Delaware, Ohio). July 6, 1998. Page 17. Accessed through Newspapers.com. Clip 1 Clip 2
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "4-21 Grand Carousel." Remarkable Ohio. Part of the Ohio History Connection. Retrieved Dec. 9, 2025.
  8. ↑ Fried, Frederick. A Pictorial History of the Carousel.
  9. ↑ City of Columbus, Franklin Co., Ohio. Franklin Survey Co. 1937. Vol. 1. Map. Accessed through Ebay.com.
  10. ↑ Barrett, Richard E. 1984. "Olentangy Park: Four Decades of Fun." Columbus and Central Ohio Historian No. 1. April 1984. Page 17.
  11. ↑ "Zoo Amusement Park Has Established Its Popularity." Columbus Dispatch. June 2, 1929. Page 14-A.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Stout, Ned. 1975. "Zoo Park Season Starts with Look to Past." Columbus Dispatch. April 23, 1975. Page C-1.
  13. ↑ "Marysville Family Picnics Arranged for Columbus Zoo." Marysville Journal-Tribune (Marysville, Ohio). August 16, 1939. Pages 1-2. Accessed through Newspapers.com Clip 1, Clip 2
  14. ↑ Hoholik, Suzanne. "Park rechristened Zoombezi Bay - Former Wyandot Lake to reopen in May." The Columbus Dispatch. July 12, 2007. Page 3-B.
  15. ↑ "Gooding Buys Amusement Park at Zoo." Columbus Dispatch. April 9, 1956. Page 3A.
  16. ↑ Franklin, Peter D. "Ground broken for park next to Columbus Zoo." The Columbus Dispatch. Nov. 10, 1983. Page C6.
  17. ↑ Carousel News and Trader. June 2010. PDF
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Gallick, Thomas. 2014. "Zoo's carousel has been circling for 100 years." The Columbus Dispatch - ThisWeek Community News. Aug. 6, 2014. Last modified Aug. 7, 2014. Accessed on July 22, 2022.
  19. ↑ "Park is Open Today." The Columbus Dispatch. April 23, 1922. Page 7.
  20. ↑ "Grand Carousel, Columbus Zoo, Powell, OH." National Carousel Association. Census Query. Last modified 2016. Accessed on June 1, 2024.
  21. ↑ "Bottle, At Least, To Be Broken On Head Of Good Bucephalus, Lead Horse Of Olentangy Carrousel." Columbus Evening Dispatch. April 17, 1930. Page 20.
  22. ↑ "Psychology Enters Even Into Carrousel Game." Columbus Evening Dispatch. April 23, 1930. Page 16.
  23. ↑ Auchy, H. B. 1909. "Power mechanism for carousels." U.S. Patent No. 937,750. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office PDF
  24. ↑ Auchy, H. B. 1911. "Carousel bearing mechanism." U.S. Patent No. 988,536. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office PDF
  25. ↑ Mangels, W. F. 1916. "Carousel." U.S. Patent No. 1,168,089. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office PDF
  26. ↑ Mangels, W. F. 1916. "Carousel." U.S. Patent No. 1,171,220. Accessed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office PDF


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