Circle Swing: Difference between revisions

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Line 7: Line 7:
| opened        = 1904
| opened        = 1904
| closed        = 1926 (Changed name)
| closed        = 1926 (Changed name)
| manufacturer  = Traver Circle Swing Company
| manufacturer  = [[Traver Circle Swing Company]]
| width        = 120 feet (36.6 meters) diameter
| width        = 120 feet (36.6 meters) diameter
| height        = 90 feet (27.5 meters)
| height        = 75 feet (23 meters)
| speed        = 40 mph (64 kph)
| speed        = 40 mph (64 kph)
| vehicletype  = Cars (boat design)
| vehicletype  = Cars (boat design)
Line 15: Line 15:
| image        = CircleSwing Postcard ColumbusLibrary.jpg
| image        = CircleSwing Postcard ColumbusLibrary.jpg
| architect    = North Penn Iron Company
| architect    = North Penn Iron Company
| designer      = Harry G. Traver
| designer      = [[Harry G. Traver]]
| numriders    = 8
| numriders    = 8
| inversions    = 0
| inversions    = 0
| cost          = Over {{Tooltip |text = $8,000|tooltip = $288,957 in 2025 dollars}}
}}
}}


The [[Circle Swing]], also known as the '''Giant Circle Swing'''<ref name="logan">"The Giant Flying Circle Swing at Olentangy Park." ''The Hocking Sentinel (Logan, Ohio),'' July 13, 1905. Page 4. Accessed through Newspapers.com on April 11, 2017. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10215101/the-giant-playing-circle-swing-at/</ref>, '''Flying Circle Swing''', '''Flying Swing''', '''Circle Ride'''<ref name="historian">Barret, Richard E. 1984. "Olentangy Park: Four Decades of Fun." ''Columbus and Central Ohio Historian No. 1,'' April 1984. Page 11.</ref>, and '''Spiral Swing'''<ref>"Ohio: Columbus." ''The Billboard,'' May 20, 1905. Vol. 17. Issue 20. Page 9. Accessed through the Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/sim_billboard_1905-05-20_17_20/page/8/</ref> was a rotating ride installed in Olentangy Park in 1904.<ref>"Olentangy Park, Theater and Zoological Garden." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch,'' May 1, 1904. Page 29.</ref> It was invented by [[Harry G. Traver]]<ref name="smithsonian">Oswald, Alison. 2019. "A Swinging Amusement." ''Smithsonian National Museum of American History.'' September 20, 2019. Accessed on August 5, 2024. https://invention.si.edu/swinging-amusement</ref><ref name="times">Snedden, Jeffery. 2016. "Harry Traver took Beaver County on thrilling roller coaster ride." ''The Beaver County Times (Beaver County, Pennsylvania).'' Published May 24, 2016. Accessed on August 8, 2024. https://www.timesonline.com/story/lifestyle/around-town/2016/05/24/harry-traver-took-beaver-county/18574055007/</ref> and designed by the [[Traver Circle Swing Company]]<ref name=":0">"Sue for Royalties." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch,'' February 2, 1906. Page 10.</ref><ref>Traver, H. G. 1904. "Roundabout." ''U.S. Patent No. 830,688,'' Accessed through Google Patents https://patents.google.com/patent/US830688A</ref><ref>Traver, H. G. 1905. "Circle-swing." ''U.S. Patent No. 830,687,'' Accessed through Google Patents https://patents.google.com/patent/US830687A</ref><ref>Traver, H. G. 1905. "Amusement apparatus." ''U.S. Patent No. 842,276,'' Accessed through Google Patents https://patents.google.com/patent/US842276A</ref><ref>Traver, H. G. 1904. "Car for swings." ''U.S. Patent No. 790,989,'' Accessed through Google Patents https://patents.google.com/patent/US790989A</ref>. The Dusenbury Brothers bought the ride from R. S. Uzzell in November 1903<ref name="passing">Uzzell, R. S. "Passing of Olentangy." ''The Billboard,'' April 23, 1938. Page 42. Accessed through the Internet Archive.</ref> and it was built by the North Penn Iron Company of Philadelphia by the next season. It cost over $8,000 ($282,733 in 2024) to construct.<ref name="coneyisland">"Olentangy Park, a Coney Island Rival" ''The Columbus Sunday Dispatch,'' May 1, 1904. Page 4.</ref> It was originally located across the entrance to [[Fair Japan]], then moved south of the [[Dancing Pavilion (2)|second Dancing Pavilion]] and next to the [[Loop-the-Loop]].<ref name="sanborn1922">''Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio.'' Sanborn Map Company, - 1922 Vol. 3, 1922, 1922. Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06656_008/.</ref> It opened to the public sometime during the week of July 31, 1904, after delays in building<ref name="july31">"Summer Amusements." ''The Columbus Evening Dispatch,'' July 31, 1904. Page 4.</ref>, but the ride worked irregularly for the first few weeks.
The [[Circle Swing]], also known as the '''Giant Circle Swing'''<ref name="logan">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10215101/the-giant-playing-circle-swing-at/ "The Giant Flying Circle Swing at Olentangy Park."] ''The Hocking Sentinel (Logan, Ohio).'' July 13, 1905. Page 4. Accessed through Newspapers.com on April 11, 2017.</ref>, '''Flying Circle Swing''', '''Flying Swing''', '''Circle Ride'''<ref name="historian">Barrett, Richard E. "Olentangy Park: Four Decades of Fun." ''Columbus and Central Ohio Historian No. 1.'' April 1984. Page 11.</ref>, and '''Spiral Swing'''<ref>[https://archive.org/details/sim_billboard_1905-05-20_17_20/page/8/ "Ohio: Columbus."] ''The Billboard.'' May 20, 1905. Vol. 17. Issue 20. Page 9. Accessed through the Internet Archive.</ref> was a rotating ride installed in Olentangy Park in 1904.<ref>"Olentangy Park, Theater and Zoological Garden." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' May 1, 1904. Page 29.</ref> It was invented by [[Harry G. Traver]]<ref name="smithsonian">Oswald, Alison. [https://invention.si.edu/swinging-amusement "A Swinging Amusement."] ''Smithsonian National Museum of American History.'' Sept. 20, 2019. Accessed on Aug. 5, 2024.</ref><ref name="times">Snedden, Jeffery. 2016. [https://www.timesonline.com/story/lifestyle/around-town/2016/05/24/harry-traver-took-beaver-county/18574055007/ "Harry Traver took Beaver County on thrilling roller coaster ride."] ''The Beaver County Times (Beaver County, Pennsylvania).'' Published May 24, 2016. Accessed on Aug. 8, 2024.</ref><ref>[http://www.flatrides.com/rides/circleswing.html "Circle Swing."] ''The Flat Joint.'' Accessed May 23, 2025.</ref> and designed by the [[Traver Circle Swing Company]].<ref name=":0">"Sue for Royalties." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' Feb. 2, 1906. Page 10.</ref><ref>Traver, H. G. 1906. "Roundabout." ''U.S. Patent No. 830,688.'' Accessed through [https://patents.google.com/patent/US830688A Google Patents] and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WJaDlcT4oN-WoQhhAHdNBklLuqRJQSBC/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref><ref>Traver, H. G. 1906. "Circle-swing." ''U.S. Patent No. 830,687.'' Accessed through [https://patents.google.com/patent/US830687A Google Patents] and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WO6lStAJSnBo3_6wyHWEoBVsyKoMI5Q9/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref><ref>Traver, H. G. 1904. "Amusement apparatus." ''U.S. Patent No. 758,341.'' Accessed through [https://patents.google.com/patent/US842276A Google Patents] and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WObAfTl9Ru5rtY2y8HYBe9Vb8RXTRrcK/view?usp=sharing PDF] </ref><ref>Traver, H. G. 1905. "Car for swings." ''U.S. Patent No. 790,989,'' Accessed through [https://patents.google.com/patent/US790989A Google Patents] and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WHkH_-u0qxC1sh9uB4bSyGBveSdM1tEE/view?usp=sharing PDF]</ref> The Dusenbury Brothers bought the ride from R. S. Uzzell in November 1903.<ref name="passing">Uzzell, R. S. "Passing of Olentangy." ''The Billboard.'' April 23, 1938. Page 42. Accessed through the Internet Archive.</ref> It was built by the North Penn Iron Company of Philadelphia by the next season.


Originally built with boat-shaped cars (called "air-ships"), it was updated to have plane-shaped vehicles around 1927 and rebranded as [[Airplanes]] or Aeroplanes. It used the tower and superstructure of the original ride.<ref name="passing" /> Despite being listed for sale in ''The Billboard,''<ref>Advertisement. 1938. ''The Billboard.'' April 16, 1938. Page. Page 41. Accessed through the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/sim_billboard_1938-04-16_50_16/page/40</ref> the ride was moved to the Haenlein Brothers' Zoo Amusement Park in 1938.<ref name="historian" /><ref>"Zoo Amusement Park Has Established Its Popularity." ''Columbus Dispatch,'' June 2, 1929. Page 14-A.</ref>. The ride was razed at Zoo Park in 1956 after Floyd E. Gooding of the Gooding Amusement Company bought the park after the death of Leo Haenlein. According to Elmer Haenlein, it was the oldest of its kind at the time.<ref>"Airplane Ride is Razed." ''Columbus Dispatch,'' April 24, 1956. Page 8B.</ref>
It cost over {{Tooltip |text = $8,000|tooltip = $288,957 in 2025 dollars}} to construct.<ref name="coneyisland">"Olentangy Park, a Coney Island Rival" ''The Columbus Sunday Dispatch.'' May 1, 1904. Page 4.</ref> It was originally located across from the entrance to [[Fair Japan]], then moved south of the [[Dancing Pavilion (2)|second Dancing Pavilion]] and next to the [[Loop-the-Loop]].<ref name="sanborn1922">''[https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06656_008/ Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio.]'' Sanborn Map Company, - 1922 Vol. 3, 1922, 1922. Map.</ref> It opened to the public sometime during the week of July 31, 1904, after delays in building,<ref name="july31">"Summer Amusements." ''The Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' July 31, 1904. Page 4.</ref> but the ride worked irregularly for the first few weeks.
 
Originally built with boat-shaped cars (called "air-ships"), it was updated to have plane-shaped vehicles around 1927 and rebranded as [[Airplanes]] or Aeroplanes. It used the tower and superstructure of the original ride.<ref name="passing" /> Despite being listed for sale in ''The Billboard,''<ref>Advertisement. ''[https://archive.org/details/sim_billboard_1938-04-16_50_16/page/40 The Billboard.]'' April 16, 1938. Page 41. Accessed through the Internet Archive.</ref> the ride was moved to the Haenlein Brothers' Zoo Amusement Park in 1938.<ref name="historian" /><ref>"Zoo Amusement Park Has Established Its Popularity." ''The Columbus Dispatch.'' June 2, 1929. Page 14-A.</ref>. The ride was razed at Zoo Park in 1956 after Floyd E. Gooding of the Gooding Amusement Company bought the park after the death of Leo Haenlein. According to Elmer Haenlein, it was the oldest of its kind at the time.<ref>"Airplane Ride is Razed." ''The Columbus Dispatch.'' April 24, 1956. Page 8B.</ref>


== Description ==
== Description ==


The ride operated on the principle of a merry-go-round.<ref>"New Thrills for Visitors to Coney." ''The Leavenworth Times (Leavenworth, Kansas),'' March 14, 1903. Page 7. Accessed through Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-leavenworth-times-new-thrill-for-vis/152821022/</ref> It consisted of a 90-foot (27.5-meter)<ref name="richwood">"Giant Flying Circle Swing." ''Richwood Gazette (Richwood, Ohio),'' July 13, 1905. Page 2. Accessed through Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/article/richwood-gazette-giant-flying-circle-swi/152765120/</ref> tall steel tower (some sources say 75-foot (23-meter)), which revolves around a vertical shaft. Connected to this shaft at the top of the tower were six radiating arms described as being "like spokes of a great wheel or legs of a gigantic spider." Steel cables extended from the arms to carry cars of passengers. An electric motor at the base spun the arms, cables, and cars with centrifugal force, raising the cars over 30 feet (9 meters) above the ground at the full speed of 40 mph (64 kph). The circle created at its widest was 120 feet (36.5 meters) in diameter.<ref name="richwood" /><ref name="coneyisland" /><ref name="logan" /> At night, the entire structure was lit by hundreds of electric lights.<ref name="richwood" /> It simulated the feeling of flying.<ref name="smithsonian" /> Being one of the earliest Circle Swings, the vehicles were most likely made of wicker/woven rattan.<ref>"Captive Aeroplanes/Rockets." ''The Lagoon History Project.'' Accessed on August 5, 2024. https://lagoonhistory.com/project/attractions/the-rockets/</ref><ref>Advertisement. 1904. ''The Street Railway Journal.'' Street Railway Publishing Company. Page 18A. Accessed through Google Books https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Street_Railway_Journal/92dJAAAAYAAJ?q=&gbpv=0#f=false</ref>
The ride operated on the principle of a merry-go-round.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-leavenworth-times-new-thrill-for-vis/152821022/ "New Thrills for Visitors to Coney."] ''The Leavenworth Times (Leavenworth, Kansas).'' March 14, 1903. Page 7. Accessed through Newspapers.com.</ref> It consisted of a {{Tooltip |text = 75-foot|tooltip = 23-meter}}<ref name="richwood">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/richwood-gazette-giant-flying-circle-swi/152765120/ "Giant Flying Circle Swing."] ''Richwood Gazette (Richwood, Ohio).'' July 13, 1905. Page 2. Accessed through Newspapers.com.</ref> tall steel tower, which revolves around a vertical shaft. Connected to this shaft at the top of the tower were six radiating arms described as being "like spokes of a great wheel or legs of a gigantic spider." Steel cables extended from the arms to carry cars of passengers. An electric motor at the base spun the arms, cables, and cars with centrifugal force, raising the cars over {{Tooltip |text = 30 feet|tooltip = 30 feet}} above the ground at the full speed of {{Tooltip |text = 40 mph|tooltip = 64 kph}}. The circle created at its widest was {{Tooltip |text = 120 feet|tooltip = 36.5 meters}} in diameter.<ref name="richwood" /><ref name="coneyisland" /><ref name="logan" /> At night, the entire structure was lit by hundreds of electric lights.<ref name="richwood" /> It simulated the feeling of flying.<ref name="smithsonian" /> Being one of the earliest Circle Swings, the vehicles were most likely made of wicker/woven rattan.<ref>[https://lagoonhistory.com/project/attractions/the-rockets/ "Captive Aeroplanes/Rockets."] ''The Lagoon History Project.'' Accessed on Aug. 5, 2024.</ref><ref>Advertisement. 1904. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Street_Railway_Journal/92dJAAAAYAAJ?q=&gbpv=0#f=false The Street Railway Journal.]'' Street Railway Publishing Company. Page 18A. Accessed through Google Books.</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
Line 37: Line 40:


== Notable Events ==
== Notable Events ==
On August 5, kits to display a banner for H. Sage Valentine's mayoral run became tangled in the Circle Swing's lines, stopping the ride's operation.<ref>"Mayoralty Fight Not Lacking in Real Originality." ''The Columbus Sunday Dispatch,'' August 8, 1909. Page 3.</ref>
On Aug. 5, 1909, kites displaying a banner for H. Sage Valentine's mayoral run became tangled in the Circle Swing's lines, stopping the ride's operation.<ref>"Mayoralty Fight Not Lacking in Real Originality." ''The Columbus Sunday Dispatch.'' Aug. 8, 1909. Page 3.</ref>


==Injuries==
==Injuries==
In 1907, Amy Wright, 22, was found unconscious while riding the circle swing. She was taken to her home on North 18th Street by Fisher's ambulance, where she fully recovered<ref>"Young Woman is Made Unconscious by Circle Swing." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch,'' May 31, 1907. Page 2.</ref>.
In May 1907, Amy Wright, 22, was found unconscious while riding the Circle Swing. She was taken to her home on North 18th Street by Fisher's ambulance, where she fully recovered<ref>"Young Woman is Made Unconscious by Circle Swing." ''Columbus Evening Dispatch.'' May 31, 1907. Page 2.</ref>.


==Lawsuits==
==Lawsuits==
In February 1906, the Traver Circle Swing Company sued the park for $2,392 ($83,600 in 2024) due to non-payment of royalties.<ref name=":0" />
In February 1906, the Traver Circle Swing Company sued the park for {{Tooltip |text = $2,392|tooltip = $85,438 in 2025 dollars}} due to non-payment of royalties.<ref name=":0" />


== Related Patents ==
== Related Patents ==
* Amusement apparatus. (1904)  U.S. Patent No. 758,341 https://patents.google.com/patent/US758341
* Amusement apparatus. (April 26, 1904)  U.S. Patent No. 758,341 [https://patents.google.com/patent/US758341 Google Patents] | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WObAfTl9Ru5rtY2y8HYBe9Vb8RXTRrcK/view?usp=sharing PDF]
* Car for swings. (1904) U.S. Patent No. 790,989 https://patents.google.com/patent/US790989A
* Car for swings. (May 30, 1905) U.S. Patent No. 790,989 [https://patents.google.com/patent/US790989A Google Patents] | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WHkH_-u0qxC1sh9uB4bSyGBveSdM1tEE/view?usp=sharing PDF]
* Circle-swing. (1905) U.S. Patent No. 830,687 https://patents.google.com/patent/US830687A
* Circle-swing. (Sept. 11, 1906) U.S. Patent No. 830,687 [https://patents.google.com/patent/US830687A Google Patents] [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WO6lStAJSnBo3_6wyHWEoBVsyKoMI5Q9/view?usp=sharing PDF]
* Roundabout. (1905) U.S. Patent No. 830,688 https://patents.google.com/patent/US830688A
* Roundabout. (Sept.11, 1906) U.S. Patent No. 830,688 [https://patents.google.com/patent/US830688A Google Patents] | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WJaDlcT4oN-WoQhhAHdNBklLuqRJQSBC/view?usp=sharing PDF]
* Amusement apparatus. (1905) U.S. Patent No. 842,276 https://patents.google.com/patent/US842276A
* Collapsible passenger carrying car for aeroplane swings. (1922) U.S. Patent No. 1,436,371 https://patents.google.com/patent/US1436371


== See Also ==
== See Also ==

Latest revision as of 17:15, 6 October 2025

Circle Swing
Other Name(s) Giant Circle Swing
Flying Circle Swing
Flying Swing
Circle Ride
Spiral Swing
Type Rotating ride
Swinging Rides
Park Section East
Center
Built 1904
Opened 1904
Closed 1926 (Changed name)
Manufacturer Traver Circle Swing Company
Designer Harry G. Traver
Architect North Penn Iron Company
Width 120 feet (36.6 meters) diameter
Height 75 feet (23 meters)
Speed 40 mph (64 kph)
Vehicle Type Cars (boat design)
Number of Vehicles 6
Riders per Vehicle 8
Inversions 0
Cost Over $8,000$288,957 in 2025 dollars

The Circle Swing, also known as the Giant Circle Swing[1], Flying Circle Swing, Flying Swing, Circle Ride[2], and Spiral Swing[3] was a rotating ride installed in Olentangy Park in 1904.[4] It was invented by Harry G. Traver[5][6][7] and designed by the Traver Circle Swing Company.[8][9][10][11][12] The Dusenbury Brothers bought the ride from R. S. Uzzell in November 1903.[13] It was built by the North Penn Iron Company of Philadelphia by the next season.

It cost over $8,000$288,957 in 2025 dollars to construct.[14] It was originally located across from the entrance to Fair Japan, then moved south of the second Dancing Pavilion and next to the Loop-the-Loop.[15] It opened to the public sometime during the week of July 31, 1904, after delays in building,[16] but the ride worked irregularly for the first few weeks.

Originally built with boat-shaped cars (called "air-ships"), it was updated to have plane-shaped vehicles around 1927 and rebranded as Airplanes or Aeroplanes. It used the tower and superstructure of the original ride.[13] Despite being listed for sale in The Billboard,[17] the ride was moved to the Haenlein Brothers' Zoo Amusement Park in 1938.[2][18]. The ride was razed at Zoo Park in 1956 after Floyd E. Gooding of the Gooding Amusement Company bought the park after the death of Leo Haenlein. According to Elmer Haenlein, it was the oldest of its kind at the time.[19]

Description

The ride operated on the principle of a merry-go-round.[20] It consisted of a 75-foot23-meter[21] tall steel tower, which revolves around a vertical shaft. Connected to this shaft at the top of the tower were six radiating arms described as being "like spokes of a great wheel or legs of a gigantic spider." Steel cables extended from the arms to carry cars of passengers. An electric motor at the base spun the arms, cables, and cars with centrifugal force, raising the cars over 30 feet30 feet above the ground at the full speed of 40 mph64 kph. The circle created at its widest was 120 feet36.5 meters in diameter.[21][14][1] At night, the entire structure was lit by hundreds of electric lights.[21] It simulated the feeling of flying.[5] Being one of the earliest Circle Swings, the vehicles were most likely made of wicker/woven rattan.[22][23]

  • Vintage postcard (c. 1908-1911) showing the Circle Swing and the Loop-the-Loop at Olentangy Park.
    Vintage postcard (c. 1908-1911) showing the Circle Swing and the Loop-the-Loop at Olentangy Park.
  • Vintage postcard (c. 1907) showing the "Circle Swing" in motion.
    Vintage postcard (c. 1907) showing the "Circle Swing" in motion.
  • Vintage postcard (c. 1905-1906) showing a section of Fair Japan and the Circle Swing.
    Vintage postcard (c. 1905-1906) showing a section of Fair Japan and the Circle Swing.
  • Panoramic photo (c. 1908-1910) of the Circle Swing and Loop-the-Loop.
    Panoramic photo (c. 1908-1910) of the Circle Swing and Loop-the-Loop.

Notable Events

On Aug. 5, 1909, kites displaying a banner for H. Sage Valentine's mayoral run became tangled in the Circle Swing's lines, stopping the ride's operation.[24]

Injuries

In May 1907, Amy Wright, 22, was found unconscious while riding the Circle Swing. She was taken to her home on North 18th Street by Fisher's ambulance, where she fully recovered[25].

Lawsuits

In February 1906, the Traver Circle Swing Company sued the park for $2,392$85,438 in 2025 dollars due to non-payment of royalties.[8]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Giant Flying Circle Swing at Olentangy Park." The Hocking Sentinel (Logan, Ohio). July 13, 1905. Page 4. Accessed through Newspapers.com on April 11, 2017.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Barrett, Richard E. "Olentangy Park: Four Decades of Fun." Columbus and Central Ohio Historian No. 1. April 1984. Page 11.
  3. ↑ "Ohio: Columbus." The Billboard. May 20, 1905. Vol. 17. Issue 20. Page 9. Accessed through the Internet Archive.
  4. ↑ "Olentangy Park, Theater and Zoological Garden." Columbus Evening Dispatch. May 1, 1904. Page 29.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Oswald, Alison. "A Swinging Amusement." Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Sept. 20, 2019. Accessed on Aug. 5, 2024.
  6. ↑ Snedden, Jeffery. 2016. "Harry Traver took Beaver County on thrilling roller coaster ride." The Beaver County Times (Beaver County, Pennsylvania). Published May 24, 2016. Accessed on Aug. 8, 2024.
  7. ↑ "Circle Swing." The Flat Joint. Accessed May 23, 2025.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Sue for Royalties." Columbus Evening Dispatch. Feb. 2, 1906. Page 10.
  9. ↑ Traver, H. G. 1906. "Roundabout." U.S. Patent No. 830,688. Accessed through Google Patents and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office PDF
  10. ↑ Traver, H. G. 1906. "Circle-swing." U.S. Patent No. 830,687. Accessed through Google Patents and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office PDF
  11. ↑ Traver, H. G. 1904. "Amusement apparatus." U.S. Patent No. 758,341. Accessed through Google Patents and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office PDF
  12. ↑ Traver, H. G. 1905. "Car for swings." U.S. Patent No. 790,989, Accessed through Google Patents and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office PDF
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Uzzell, R. S. "Passing of Olentangy." The Billboard. April 23, 1938. Page 42. Accessed through the Internet Archive.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Olentangy Park, a Coney Island Rival" The Columbus Sunday Dispatch. May 1, 1904. Page 4.
  15. ↑ Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio. Sanborn Map Company, - 1922 Vol. 3, 1922, 1922. Map.
  16. ↑ "Summer Amusements." The Columbus Evening Dispatch. July 31, 1904. Page 4.
  17. ↑ Advertisement. The Billboard. April 16, 1938. Page 41. Accessed through the Internet Archive.
  18. ↑ "Zoo Amusement Park Has Established Its Popularity." The Columbus Dispatch. June 2, 1929. Page 14-A.
  19. ↑ "Airplane Ride is Razed." The Columbus Dispatch. April 24, 1956. Page 8B.
  20. ↑ "New Thrills for Visitors to Coney." The Leavenworth Times (Leavenworth, Kansas). March 14, 1903. Page 7. Accessed through Newspapers.com.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "Giant Flying Circle Swing." Richwood Gazette (Richwood, Ohio). July 13, 1905. Page 2. Accessed through Newspapers.com.
  22. ↑ "Captive Aeroplanes/Rockets." The Lagoon History Project. Accessed on Aug. 5, 2024.
  23. ↑ Advertisement. 1904. The Street Railway Journal. Street Railway Publishing Company. Page 18A. Accessed through Google Books.
  24. ↑ "Mayoralty Fight Not Lacking in Real Originality." The Columbus Sunday Dispatch. Aug. 8, 1909. Page 3.
  25. ↑ "Young Woman is Made Unconscious by Circle Swing." Columbus Evening Dispatch. May 31, 1907. Page 2.


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